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Jenkins 安装

2021/1/17 jenkins

# 系统要求

官方安装文档地址：https://www.jenkins.io/zh/doc/book/installing/

  • 最低推荐配置
    • 256MB可用内存
    • 1GB可用磁盘空间(作为一个Docker容器运行jenkins的话推荐10GB)
  • 为小团队推荐的硬件配置
    • 1GB+可用内存
    • 50 GB+ 可用磁盘空间
  • 软件配置
    • Java 8—无论是Java运行时环境（JRE）还是Java开发工具包（JDK）都可以。

# 系统环境

  • 操作系统：Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS 64bit

  • Java版本：jdk1.8（可安装 openjdk，因在此需要安装的是 jdk）

# 安装 Java jdk

请点击查看 Java jdk 安装文档

# 安装 Git

请点击查看 Git 安装文档

# 安装 Jenkins

  1. 先将秘钥添加到系统（这是 Jenkins 的 Debian 软件包存储库，用于自动安装和升级。要使用此存储库，首先将密钥添加到您的系统）
    wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -
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  2. 添加 jenkins 存储库到服务器的 sources.list
    sudo sh -c 'echo deb http://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list'
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  3. 更新本地包并安装jenkins
    sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jenkins
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# 安装报错

# sudo apt-get update 报错证书验证失败

错误信息如下：

lighthouse@VM-0-5-ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update
Hit:1 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease                
Hit:3 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease                                 
Ign:4 https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ InRelease                                       
Hit:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal InRelease         
Err:6 https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ Release
  Certificate verification failed: The certificate is NOT trusted. The certificate chain uses expired certificate.  Could not handshake: Error in the certificate verification. [IP: 151.101.74.133 443]
Reading package lists... Done                    
E: The repository 'https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
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  1. 解决方法：重装 ca-certificates

    sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates
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  2. 重新更新包，并安装

    sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jenkins
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# sudo apt-get install jenkins 启动找不到 java 路径报错

错误信息如下：

lighthouse@VM-0-5-ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install jenkinsReading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  daemon
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  daemon jenkins
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 256 not upgraded.
Need to get 71.9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 72.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 daemon amd64 0.6.4-1build2 [96.3 kB]
Get:2 https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ jenkins 2.319.2 [71.8 MB]
Fetched 71.9 MB in 22s (3,219 kB/s)                                                                
Selecting previously unselected package daemon.
(Reading database ... 87032 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../daemon_0.6.4-1build2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking daemon (0.6.4-1build2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package jenkins.
Preparing to unpack .../jenkins_2.319.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking jenkins (2.319.2) ...
Setting up daemon (0.6.4-1build2) ...
Setting up jenkins (2.319.2) ...
Job for jenkins.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status jenkins.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript jenkins, action "start" failed.
● jenkins.service - LSB: Start Jenkins at boot time
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/jenkins; generated)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2022-01-19 16:54:20 CST; 7ms ago
       Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    Process: 2721745 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Jan 19 16:54:20 VM-0-5-ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Start Jenkins at boot time...
Jan 19 16:54:20 VM-0-5-ubuntu jenkins[2721745]: ERROR: No Java executable found in current PATH: /bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
Jan 19 16:54:20 VM-0-5-ubuntu jenkins[2721745]: If you actually have java installed on the system make sure the executable is in the aforementioned path and that 'type -p java' returns the java executable path
Jan 19 16:54:20 VM-0-5-ubuntu systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Control process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Jan 19 16:54:20 VM-0-5-ubuntu systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jan 19 16:54:20 VM-0-5-ubuntu systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Start Jenkins at boot time.
dpkg: error processing package jenkins (--configure):
 installed jenkins package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 jenkins
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
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  1. 输入以下命令查看 java 路径

    lighthouse@VM-0-5-ubuntu:~$ type -p java
/usr/lib/java/jdk1.8.0_321/bin/java
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  2. 方法一：建立java软连接（推荐使用此方法）

    sudo ln -s /usr/lib/java/jdk1.8.0_321/bin/java /usr/bin/java
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    方法二：编辑配置文件，并保存

    lighthouse@VM-0-5-ubuntu:~$ sudo vim /etc/init.d/jenkins

# 找到以下配置，将 JAVA 值改为以上步骤的返回值
#JAVA=`type -p java`
JAVA=/usr/lib/java/jdk1.8.0_321/bin/java
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  3. 重启

    systemctl restart jenkins.service
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  4. 查看状态

    lighthouse@VM-0-5-ubuntu:~$ systemctl status jenkins.service
● jenkins.service - LSB: Start Jenkins at boot time
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/jenkins; generated)
     Active: active (exited) since Wed 2022-01-19 17:22:38 CST; 1min 16s ago
       Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    Process: 2727114 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
lighthouse@VM-0-5-ubuntu:~$
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# 初始化 Jenkins

默认端口 8080

  1. 因我使用的是腾讯云服务器，需要添加防火墙规则，如下所示： 腾讯云防火墙

  2. 使用 ip:端口 访问 访问

    sudo vim /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
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    将密码复制到文本框中，点击继续

  3. 安装插件，我选择的是安装推荐的插件 访问

  4. 创建管理员 创建管理员

  5. 实例配置 实例配置

  6. 完成 完成

# 更新 Jenkins 版本

# 进入文件夹
cd /usr/share/jenkins

# 关闭 Jenkins 服务
sudo service jenkins stop

# 将 jenkins.war 改名为 jenkins.war.old
sudo mv jenkins.war jenkins.war.old

# 下载最新版本 war 包
# sudo wget https://updates.jenkins-ci.org/latest/jenkins.war
sudo wget https://updates.jenkins.io/download/war/2.319.3/jenkins.war

# 开启服务
sudo service jenkins start
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